This sort of oxygen depletion – known as hypoxia – may cause irreparable damage to the marine ecosystem. Among these units, the government will look to provide affordable public housing units, for which 80-90% of Hong Kong households are eligible to apply. Imagine, you walk out your door and right there in your backyard is a giant mound of dirt. In 2018, reclaimed land represented 6% of Hong Kong’s total area and 25% of its developed land. , including the Edinburgh Place Star Ferry Pier and Queen’s Pier in Central were demolished between 2006 and 2008 to make way for reclamation. While a proposed upgrade of a harbour treatment scheme would achieve this desired effect, the plan would not cover large parts of NT or outlying islands like Lantau. It makes it possible to use land resources more productively. This is where the importance of reclamation comes in. Concerns over reclamation projects in Victoria Harbour have also addressed the potential for, and water body shrinkage, the harbour is now in fact, shrunk to less than half of its original width. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. The large-scale reclamation plan for the expansion of Central and Wan Chai that began in the 1990s elicited a negative public response, which mainly criticised the loss of natural and cultural heritage in exchange for minimal benefits for average citizens. Historic Hong Kong landmarks, including the Edinburgh Place Star Ferry Pier and Queen’s Pier in Central were demolished between 2006 and 2008 to make way for reclamation. in the late 1980s and 1990s. Our best stories direct to your inbox every fortnight. While mainland China tends to regulate land reclamation practices more strictly than Hong Kong, reclamation projects connecting infrastructure between cities along the PRD are growing in number, leading to concerns over greater biodiversity and habitat loss for niche species. Environmental concerns over the protection of Hong Kong’s marine environments are growing due to the increasing interconnectedness of cities along the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The first modern use of land reclamation as a policy measure in Hong Kong occurred in 1851. Therefore, the Lantau land reclamation project is not only an effective solution to addressing land shortage in Hong Kong, it also provides a strong foundation for capitalising on growth opportunities in the Greater Bay Area. In 1973, the government consolidated its vision for urban population growth by announcing a new development initiative, termed the New Town Development Programme, focusing on urban development projects across Kowloon, New Territories and Lantau Island. of land has been reclaimed in Hong Kong. Land reclamation has enabled exponential population and economic growth in Hong Kong, and appears to be the developmental instrument of choice for the city’s leadership moving forward. In 2018, the Hong Kong government announced its latest massive land reclamation project – the “Lantau Tomorrow Vision” plan. In the second part of the plan we can consider other forms of land reclamation in conjunction with the use of technologies to get rid of the waste that cannot be used in the reclamation … The land reclamation is important because brownfield development is one solution to the problem of the scarcity of land in the city center. Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from the sea. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Between 1877 and 2020, over 70 sq km of land has been reclaimed in Hong Kong. Early reclamation projects were welcomed by the government, as they alleviated health and safety concerns in overcrowded neighbourhoods and homes. Attaché Reports (GAIN) Locations . This included the Central and Wan Chai reclamation project which had been endorsed as early as. A field survey conducted in 2019 identified the Lantau dead zones, where oxygen around the sea floor had dipped to 2 milligrams per litre – the threshold for marine life to survive – or lower. In the 1970s, as mainland China began to open itself to foreign capital investment and become the global epicentre of cheap manufacturing, Hong Kong’s firms moved their manufacturing operations to the mainland. In addition to the environmental impact, land reclamation harms efforts to conserve Hong Kong’s cultural heritage. In some jurisdictions, including parts of the United States, the term "reclamation" can refer to returning disturbed lands to an improved state. The Convention entered into force on 25 March 1998. Reclaimed land supports many of the city’s landmarks, including Hong Kong Island’s iconic skyline. It also explains the mechanism in monitoring the actual environmental impacts and comparing such impacts with those predicted in the … You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Drainage channels and, in many places, subsurface drains are installed so that the root zone of crops can be drained. priority importance to the preservation of sustainable activities in the land reclamation and irrigation, and their development. , which mainly criticised the loss of natural and cultural heritage in exchange for minimal benefits for average citizens. In our interview with Dr. Cindy Lam, the HKUST marine biologist discussed the impact of land reclamation on biodiversity loss. Hydraulic fill reclamation has become more common in recent times and land reclamation sites can be found all over the world. Low oxygen levels can create “dead zones,” which will suffocate marine life and cause others to flee the area. Additionally, these artificial islands could decelerate currents around Stonecutters Island to the north, where a treatment plant discharges waste water from the city’s central urban areas. Natural factors such as floods and storms make it necessary to perform reclamation acts to mitigate them. In Hong Kong, land reclamation projects are normally completed by excavating soil from mountains along the coastline. When these ecosystems are destroyed, there is no retrieving them back. Impact of River Realignment and Land Reclamation on Flood Control Ecological Habitat in Shenzhen River-estuary-bay System 213 IWRA, W ater International , V olume 26, Number 2, June 2001 In 2018, the Hong Kong government announced Lantau Tomorrow Vision, a massive land reclamation project of the coast of Lantau Island that will cover 1000 hectares of artificial islands and house over one million people. Originally, Hong Kong’s confining topography was not conducive to extensive urban development, as a craggy coastline, steep mountains and limited flat land restricted early settlement options. Reclamation was an unsystematic urban expansion measure, which meant that the majority of projects were piecemeal private initiatives which rarely amounted to major infrastructural development policy throughout this period. This first land reclamation project extended the shoreline by 15 metres. By relieving the extreme conditions that affect the specific region, it gets easier for people to manipulate.Another objective is to combat adverse chemical reactions in the soil. Another could involve a costly scheme to remove nutrients from sewage across the city before this waste is discharged. Reclamation, the most commonly used English-language term for. Returning disturbed land to a usable state is called land reclamation. . More turbulent waters can decrease sunlight and affect marine photosynthesis, and polluting substances can be consumed by smaller fish and increase the food web’s toxicity. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Environmental concerns over the protection of Hong Kong’s marine environments are growing due to the increasing interconnectedness of cities along the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. In recent decades, sea enclosing and land reclamation has become an important way in China to accommodate the increasing need of space for living and development. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Because it gives greater stability to gross harvests and to agriculture in general, land reclamation is very important to this branch of the national economy. Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor . The first modern use of land reclamation as a policy measure in Hong Kong occurred in 1851. Additionally, reclamation works were designed to lower coastal seabeds and allow larger ships to dock in the harbour. Land reclamation promotes healthful conditions and improves the environment. Land rehabilitation is a process of restoration to bring an area of land back to its natural state after it has been damaged or degraded, making it … Land reclamation can occur by either the process of poldering or by raising the level of a seabed or a low lying field. The EIA approach tested revealed a number of factors of importance … turned out to protest the Edinburgh Place Star Ferry Pier’s demolition, vocalising public dissent to further impact on the natural harbourfront. The land program is also responsible from implementing the Western Watershed Enhancement Partnership, Secretarial Order 3356, Hunting, Fishing, Recreational Shooting, and Wildlife Conservation Opportunities and Coordination with States. Analysing the Benefits of a Global Carbon Offset Market. Land reclamation can be achieved by poldering or by raising the elevation of a seabed or riverbed or low-lying land by: dry earth movement; or; hydraulic filling. Ultimately, a comprehensive study examining ocean hydrodynamics, nutrient sources, waste water cycle in the environment and affected ecosystem will be necessary if we are to proceed with any form of land reclamation project. And, of the HK$550 million budget, HK$350 million will be used for engineering design. The process is useful in that it has assisted restore islands like in the Maldives or to create artificial islands The concerned engineering works include river realignment and land reclamation from the bay, which could result in significant effects on local flood control and ecological protection. We promise, no spam! According to Dr. Lam, churned sediment and the deposition of organic and inorganic polluting materials will have a causal effect on marine food webs. , leading to concerns over greater biodiversity and habitat loss for niche species. The Hong Kong government has adapted its land reclamation policies to different economic needs over the decades; moving forward, the city will also have to consider the needs and demands of its citizenry. Additionally, these artificial islands could decelerate currents around Stonecutters Island to the north, where a treatment plant discharges waste water from the city’s central urban areas. 260 000 to 400 000 residential units from the “Lantau Tomorrow” from 2032. completed in stages to meet the housing needs of approximately 700 000 to 1.1 million people. Hand-picked stories once a fortnight. Urban Island Studies 99 Grydehøj, A. This targeted Boosting – helps us to reach wider audiences – aiming to convince the unconvinced, to inform the uninformed, to enlighten the dogmatic. In our bid to aggressively expand our land mass, it seems that our voracious appetite for sand comes at the cost of an isolated Cambodian fishing village: Koh Sralav. For most citizens, service economy-oriented infrastructural land reclamation projects did not carry the same benefits as the development of new housing and commercial areas. The simplest method of land reclamation involves simply filling the area with large amounts of heavy rock and/or cement, then filling with clay and soil until the desired height is reached. Imagine, you walk out your door and right there in your backyard is a giant mound of dirt. Land reclamation can be damaging to corals and marine life. With a staggering HKD$624 billion price tag attached, the project aims to house 1.1 million people in an economic and residential hub through the creation of artificial islands covering 1 000 hectares beginning in 2026 or 2027. In addition, further work associated with land reclamation could worsen water quality, lead to a higher proportion of red tides and dead fish and bad odours. 5.1 Land Reclamation in Ghana According to Amponsah-Tawia and Dartey-Baah (2011) investors into mining industries in Ghana are required to prepare an initial land reclamation plan before being granted the permit to operate. Based on a public and private housing ratio of 7:3, the remaining land lots can provide quality residential areas to offer the middle class a wider choice in buying their first homes or replacing old ones. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill. You might also like: Analysing the Benefits of a Global Carbon Offset Market. While a proposed upgrade of a harbour treatment scheme would achieve this desired effect, the plan would not cover large parts of NT or outlying islands like Lantau. However, the impact of land reclamation on soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry, microbial quantity, and enzyme activities has been rarely studied. There is only a limited number of existing organisms and wildlife in which we have. Potential effects of dredging on the marine environment include effects of the dredging process and disposal process. Land reclamation has been increasingly seen as a solution to this. In Alberta, Canada, for example, reclamation is defined by the provincial government as "The process of reconverting di… led by Professor Jianping Gan at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) found two seasonal water zones with low oxygen levels near the reclamation site (south and southeast of Lantau Island). What’s more, the HK government is considering building canals. What’s more, the HK government is considering building canals on the islands, with renderings suggesting it will create a much larger volume of stagnant water that would become foul-smelling. According to Dirk Heijboer, Royal Haskoning: “The project will have major positive effects in restoring and protecting the shoreline and, at the … It is arguable that, without land reclamation, Hong Kong would never have achieved its current status as a global city with first-rate infrastructure. Also be repurposed which will suffocate marine life to survive – or lower agricultural land securely... 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