zeus, lesson, hades. She is generally said to be the daughter of Agenor, the Phoenician King of Tyre;[14] the Syracusan poet Moschus[15] makes her mother Queen Telephassa ("far-shining") but elsewhere her mother is Argiope ("white-faced"). Barry (1999) adduces the word Ereb on an Assyrian stele with the meaning of "night", "[the country of] sunset", in opposition to Asu "[the country of] sunrise", i.e. Roman mythology adopted the tale of the Raptus, also known as "The Abduction of Europa" and "The Seduction of Europa", substituting the god Jupiter for Zeus. [4], Greek Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē) contains the elements εὐρύς (eurus), "wide, broad"[5] and ὤψ/ὠπ-/ὀπτ- (ōps/ōp-/opt-) "eye, face, countenance". Zeus took that opportunity and ran to the sea and swam, with her on his back, to the island of Crete. Pendant ce temps, son père, Agénor, cherchait partout sa fille. Un jour, Europe cueillait des fleurs dans une prairie située au bord de la mer avec ses amies, les nymphes. She was abducted by Zeus and disguised from Hera in the form of a cow. Other sources, such as the Iliad, claim that she is the daughter of Agenor's son, the "sun-red" Phoenix. [25] He transformed himself into a tame white bull and mixed in with her father's herds. Often Europa steadies herself by touching one of the bull's horns, acquiescing. Zeus (Jupiter), the King of the gods according to Greek mythology, saw Europa as she was gathering flowers by the sea a nd immediately fell in love with her. Europa is the symbol of an opening of consciousness and his son Minos of a receptivity which unites with a higher light (Pasiphaé). To try to keep Hera from noticing, he covered the world with a thick blanket of clouds. An alternative suggestion due to Ernest Klein and Giovanni Semerano (1966) attempted to connect a Semitic term for "west", Akkadian erebu meaning "to go down, set" (in reference to the sun), Phoenician 'ereb "evening; west", which would parallel occident (the resemblance to Erebus, from PIE *h1regʷos, "darkness", is accidental, however). "[1], Europa's earliest literary reference is in the Iliad, which is commonly dated to the 8th century BC. [9] He transformed himself into a tame white bull and mixed in with her father's herds. The European Union has also used Europa as a symbol of pan-Europeanism, notably by naming its web portal after her and depicting her on the Greek €2 coin and on several gold and silver commemorative coins (e.g. Europa riding Zeus turned into a bull. The poem was published with voluminous notes and critical apparatus: Winfried Bühler, Nova et accurata totius Europæ descriptio, "The Designer: And if Europe was Sidonian? These were named for male and female lovers of the god and other mythological persons associated with him. She is remembered in De Mulieribus Claris, a collection of biographies of historical and mythological women by the Florentine author Giovanni Boccaccio, composed in 1361–62. "[32], .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Male Zeus fell in love with her and, to protect her from the wrath of Hera, changed her into a white heifer. Cupid hits Zeus with an arrow, and the god instantly falls in love with a pretty mortal maiden, Europa. As a name for a part of the known world, it is first used in the 6th century BC by Anaximander and Hecataeus. Galileo had a low-powered telescope and could not distinguish Europa from Io until 8th January. The moon Io is believed to have been discovered on 7 January, 1610 by Galileo. Io was the daughter of the Greek river god Inachus. La plus célèbre des Europes n'est pas celle que mentionne Hésiode (La Théogonie, 357) comme étant l'une des filles d'Océan et de Thétys, mais cette mortelle présentée dans L'Iliade (XIV, 321-323) comme la fille de Phénix, bien que la tradition s'accorde plutôt à voir en elle la sœur de ce dernier et donc la fille d'Agénor — lui-même fils de Libye et de Poséidon — et de Téléphassa. [30], Europa does not seem to have been venerated directly in cult anywhere in classical Greece,[31] but at Lebadaea in Boeotia, Pausanias noted in the 2nd century AD that Europa was the epithet of Demeter—"Demeter whom they surname Europa and say was the nurse of Trophonios"—among the Olympians who were addressed by seekers at the cave sanctuary of Trophonios of Orchomenus, to whom a chthonic cult and oracle were dedicated: "the grove of Trophonios by the river Herkyna ... there is also a sanctuary of Demeter Europa ... the nurse of Trophonios. Yes, you heard it right, even Gods can get bored. Under the name of Callithyia, Io was regarded as the first priestess of Hera, the wife of Zeus. The beauty of Europa inspired the love of Zeus, who approached her in the form of a white bull and carried her away from Phoenicia to Crete. He then revealed his true identity, and Europa became the first queen of Crete. Zeus transformed himself into the form of a magnificent white bull and appeared in the sea shore where Europa was playing. The story of her abduction by Zeus in the form of a bull was a Cretan story; as classicist Károly Kerényi points out, "most of the love-stories concerning Zeus originated from more ancient tales describing his marriages with goddesses. In Metamorphoses Book II, the poet Ovid wrote the following depiction of Jupiter's seduction: His picturesque details belong to anecdote and fable: in all the depictions, whether she straddles the bull, as in archaic vase-paintings or the ruined metope fragment from Sikyon, or sits gracefully sidesaddle as in a mosaic from North Africa, there is no trace of fear. The astronomer Simon Marius named a moon of Jupiter after Io in 1614. Europa in a fresco at Pompeii, contemporary with Ovid. Jürgen Fischer, in Oriens-Occidens-Europa[36] summarized how the name came into use, supplanting the oriens–occidens dichotomy of the later Roman Empire, which was expressive of a divided empire, Latin in the West, Greek in the East. In Greek mythology Europa (/ j ʊ ˈ r oʊ p ə, j ə-/; Greek: Εὐρώπη Eurṓpē) was the mother of King Minos of Crete, a woman with Phoenician origin of high lineage, [1] and for whom the continent Europe was named. The most popular myth about Europa says that she was the daughter of Agenor, a Phoenician king, and later became a wife of Zeus, the King of Gods. For other uses, see, Τελφοῦσ᾽, ἐνθάδε δὴ φρονέω περικαλλέα νηὸν / ἀνθρώπων τεῦξαι χρηστήριον, οἵτε μοι αἰεὶ The smallest of Jupiter's Galilean moons was named after Europa. Europa is the namesake of Europa, daughter of the king of Tyre, a Phoenician noblewoman in Greek mythology. Having given birth to three sons by Zeus, Europa married a king Asterios, this being also the name of the Minotaur and an epithet of Zeus, likely derived from the name `Aštar.[26]. Io bore a son, Epaphus, and a daughter, Keroessa, from Zeus. They are the best sources for the tale. [6] Broad has been an epithet of Earth herself in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European religion.[7]. Keroessa mated with sea god Poseidon and gave birth to a son, Byzas, who would later found the … Though his story titled "Dragon's teeth" is largely about Cadmus, it begins with an elaborate albeit toned down version of Europa's abduction by the beautiful bull. unnamed but pertains to Minos who was king of Crete, No public statue of Europa is mentioned by. Deity, Europa provided the substance of a brief Hellenistic epic written in the mid-2nd century BCE by Moschus, a bucolic poet and friend of the Alexandrian grammarian Aristarchus of Samothrace, born at Syracuse.[33]. Tableau du Titien, milieu du XVIe siècle. The first use of the term Europenses, to describe peoples of the Christian, western portion of the continent, appeared in the Hispanic Latin Chronicle of 754, sometimes attributed to an author called Isidore Pacensis[37] in reference to the Battle of Tours fought against Muslim forces. The myth of Prometheus and Io shows how the enduring spirit of Prometheus is refigured in the suffering Io. In 2012, an archaeological mission of the British Museum led by Lebanese archaeologist, Claude Doumet Serhal, discovered at the site of the old American school in Sidon, Lebanon currency that depicts Europa riding the bull with her veil flying all over like a bow, further proof of Europa's Phoenician origin. She was luckier than Io. Read Io and Zeus from the story Greek Mythology by goddessRhoda (๛ ελληνιδα θεα) with 615 reads. Il leur donna l'ordre de ne pas revenir sans Europe et il ne les revit jamais. In his Mundus Jovialis, published in 1614, Simon Marius claimed to have discovered Io and the other moons of Jupiter in 1609, one week before Galileo's discovery. He then revealed his true identity, and Eur… According to the legend, Europa was the epitome of feminine beauty on Earth. After marrying Asterion, the story of Europa comes to a close, for although it has to be assumed that as a mortal Europa died, this is not recorded in the ancient sources. She is generally said to be the daughter of Agenor, the Phoenician King of Tyre; the Syracusan poet Moschus makes her mother Queen Telephassa ("far-shining") but elsewhere her mother is Argiope ("white-faced"). The discovery of the Galilean moons led to the understanding tha… The tale also features as the subject of a poem and film in the Enderby (fictional character) sequence of novels by Anthony Burgess. Dans la mythologie grecque, Io (en grec ancien Ἰώ / Iố) est la fille (ou tout au moins la descendante, d'après le Catalogue des femmes la nommant « fille de Pirene ») du dieu fleuve Inachos, roi d'Argos, et de Mélia (ou d'Iasos et de Leucané). Sources differ in details regarding Europa's family, but agree that she is Phoenician, and from a lineage that ultimately descended from Argive princess Io, the mythical nymph beloved of Zeus, who was transformed into a heifer. M.A. It … She came down from Mount Olympus and began dispersing the clouds. ", A metope from Sicily, carved with Europa, c. 550 – 540 BCE, Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (ca 250 images of Europa), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Europa_(consort_of_Zeus)&oldid=995779949, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Zeus transformed himself into a chestnut bull and Europa loved it. Via Agenor, Europa was a great-great-granddaughter of Io, another famous lover of Zeus. Her tale is also mentioned in Nathaniel Hawthorne's Tanglewood Tales. Europa was also another of Zeus's loves. It should Europa climbs on top of his back, and as soon as she does, Zeus gallops away. His mythology and powers are similar, though not identical, ... Io, Europa and Leda (for more details, see below) and with the young Ganymede (although he was mortal Zeus granted him eternal youth and immortality). Apollodorus, The Library of Greek Mythology (Oxford World's Classics), translated by Robin Hard, Oxford University Press, 1999. Europa was a princess of Phoenicia in Greek mythology.Her parents were Agenor, son of Poseidon, and Telephassa.Her brothers were Phoenix, Cilix and Cadmus.. However, Hera saw through the ruse and kept her under watch by Argus. The Abduction of Europa - Noël-Nicolas Coypel III (1690-1734) - PD-art-100, Europa - George Frederic Watts (1817-1904) - PD-art-100, The Rape of Europa - Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) - PD-art-100. His variant story may have been an attempt to rationalize the earlier myth; or the present myth may be a garbled version of facts—the abduction of a Phoenician aristocrat—later enunciated without gloss by Herodotus. There were two competing myths[27] relating how Europa came into the Hellenic world, but they agreed that she came to Crete (Kríti), where the sacred bull was paramount. The name of Europa is mentioned in many contexts, most of which deal with the divine union between a young girl and Zeus. Galileo doubted this claim and catalogued the work of Marius as plagiarism. Europa is carried away. The metal europium, a rare-earth element, was named in 1901 after the continent.[38]. Europa was the beautiful daughter of the king of Tyre, Agenor. The discovery of Europa and the other moons of Jupiter not only had astronomical but religious implications. Zeus (Jupiter)
2. Europa, in Greek mythology, the daughter either of Phoenix or of Agenor, king of Phoenicia. Other Greek Myths Io and Zeus According to Herodotus' rationalizing approach, Europa was kidnapped by Greeks (probably Cretans) who were seeking to avenge the kidnapping of Io, a princess from Argos. [10] This proposal is mostly considered unlikely or untenable.[11][12][13]. By telling the prophecy to Io, Prometheus gives her hope that will help her stay strong in … The materials for this story are taken from two poets, the Greek Aeschylus and the Roman Ovid, separated from each other by four hundred and fifty years and still more by their gifts and temperaments. Zeus decided to send Hermes, the most clever god, to kill Argus and free Io from his gaze. Jupiter's rocky moon Io is the most volcanically active world in the solar system, with hundreds of volcanoes, some erupting lava fountains dozens of miles (or kilometers) high. Zeus later re-created the shape of the white bull in the stars, which is now known as the constellation Taurus. The Dictionary of Classical Mythology explains that Zeus was enamoured of Europa and decided to seduce or rape her, the two being near-equivalent in Greek myth. Le jour même, Zeus la rencontra sur une plage de Sidon, se métamorphosa en taureau blanc, afin de l'approcher sans l'apeurer et échapper à la jalo… It is common in ancient Greek mythology and geography to identify lands or rivers with female figures. Europe est la fille de Agénor, roi de Tyr (région située à l'est de la Méditerranée) et de Téléphassa . However, it may have been found on 7th January. However, as soon as Hera saw that, she immediately became suspicious. The myth of Europa and Zeus may have its origin in a sacred union between the Phoenician deities `Aštar and `Aštart (Astarte), in bovine form. This can especially be said of the story of Europa. ἐνθάδ᾽ ἀγινήσουσι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας, / ἠμὲν ὅσοι Πελοπόννησον πίειραν ἔχουσιν / ἠδ᾽. Io ( was, in Greek mythology, one of the mortal lovers of Zeus. Even though Phineus was called the son of Agenor according to Apollodorus, his mother may be different because only three sons (Cadmus, Phoenix and Cilix) were born to Agenor and Telephassa. The weakness of an etymology with εὐρύς (eurus), is 1. that the -u stem of εὐρύς disappears in Εὐρώπη Europa and 2. the expected form εὐρυώπη euryopa that retains the -u stem in fact exists. Female The following day, 8 January 1610 (used as the discovery date for Europa by the IAU), Io and Europa were seen for the first time as separate bodies during Galileo's observations of the Jupiter system. The name Europe, as a geographical term, was used by Ancient Greek geographers such as Strabo to refer to part of Thrace below the Balkan mountains. Zeus once saw her on the seashore of Phoenicia playing … Roman mythology adopted the tale of the Raptus, also known as "The Abduction of Europa" and "The Seduction of Europa", substituting the god Jupiter for Zeus. Zeus, Hera and Little Io - Ancient Greek Mythology - One day Zeus got really bored while in Mount Olympus. In the 8th century, ecclesiastical uses of "Europa" for the imperium of Charlemagne provide the source for the modern geographical term. Io, in Greek mythology, daughter of Inachus (the river god of Argos) and the Oceanid Melia. With the pass… The invention of the telescope revealed that the planet Jupiter, clearly visible to the naked eye and known to humanity since prehistoric times, has an attendant family of moons. That morning, Europa awakens from a strange dream in which two different continents were fighting over her. By signing up, you'll get thousands of step-by-step solutions to your homework questions. As the two suffering beings meet on the craggy rock, they share a common injustice and pain. Greek mythology character, daughter of Agenor, "The Rape of Europa" redirects here. [2] Another early reference to her is in a fragment of the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women, discovered at Oxyrhynchus. Europa … Asia (Anatolia coming equally from Ἀνατολή, "(sun)rise", "east"). Her name appeared on postage stamps celebrating the Council of Europe, which were first issued in 1956. Zeus took that opportunity and ran to the sea and swam, with her on his back, to the island of Crete. It is easy to distinguish the parts told by each, Aeschylus grave […] Europa velificans, "her fluttering tunic… in the breeze" (mosaic, Zeugma Mosaic Museum), The Rape of Europa by Jean-Baptiste Marie Pierre (1750), The Rape of Europa by Francisco Goya (1772), The Rape of Europa by Félix Vallotton (1908), The Rape of Europa by Valentin Serov (1910). Answer to: Who is Io in Greek mythology? Mythology lesson 2 jupiter (zeus) 1. Of course the name of Europa would live on, for the continent of Europe would be named after the Queen of Crete, and of course many stories that connected to Europa continued. [3] The earliest vase-painting securely identifiable as Europa dates from mid-7th century BC. Barry (1999): « L’Europe et son mythe : à la poursuite du couchant ». Mythe. Hermes defeated Argus by cleverly putting him to sleep with a series of stories about gods. Many myths render Hera as jealous of his amorous conquests and a consistent enemy of Zeus' mistresses and their children by him. The mythical Europa cannot be separated from the mythology of the sacred bull, which had been worshipped in the Levant. In the more familiar telling she was seduced by the god Zeus in the form of a bull, who breathed from his mouth a saffron crocus[3] and carried her away to Crete on his back—to be welcomed by Asterion,[28] but according to the more literal, euhemerist version that begins the account of Persian-Hellene confrontations of Herodotus,[29] she was kidnapped by Cretans, who likewise were said to have taken her to Crete. Dans la mythologie grecque, Europe est une princesse Tyrienne qui fut enlevée par Zeus . the Belgian €10 European Expansion coin). Io. Elle a une sœur, Mycène, et un fils, Épaphos, par lequel elle est l'ancêtre des Danaïdes. Astronomer Galileo Galilei gets the credit for discovering these moons, among the largest in the solar system. Europa was initially a Cretan moon goddess, who was incorporated into the Greek mythology as a virgin Phoenician princess. According to mythology, Epaphus later founded the town of Memphis in Egypt, which he named after his wife. It is derived from the Greek word Eurōpē (Εὐρώπη) in all Romance languages, Germanic languages, Slavic languages, Baltic languages, Celtic languages, Iranian languages, Uralic languages (Hungarian Európa, Finnish Eurooppa, Estonian Euroopa). While Europa and her helpers were gathering flowers, she saw the bull, caressed his flanks, and eventually got onto his back. Zeus
As the sky god Zeus had easy access to goddesses and mortal women of the world and took full advantage of it
His power as a supreme god made him difficult to resist
He had 5 marriages before finally marrying his sister, Hera (Juno)
After his final marriage to Hera, the list of affairs is considerable
not be confused with the Cretan Bull that fathered the Minotaur and was captured by Heracles. Though Europa was unnamed in this text, she must be the daughter of Phoenix who coupled with Zeus. According to Herodotus ' rationalizing approach, Europa was kidnapped by Minoans who were seeking to avenge the kidnapping of Io , a princess from Argos . Dans la mythologie grecque, Europe (en grec ancien Εὐρώπη / Eurṓpē) est une princesse phénicienne, fille d'Agénor1, roi de Tyr, et de Téléphassa, et sœur notamment de Cadmus1. Sources differ in details regarding Europa's family, but agree that she is Phoenician, and from a lineage that descended from Io, the mythical nymph beloved of Zeus, who was transformed into a heifer. Thus, Europa is first used in a geographic context in the Homeric Hymn to Delian Apollo, in reference to the western shore of the Aegean Sea. After arriving in Crete, Europa had three sons fathered by Zeus: Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Sarpedon, the three of whom became the three judges of the Underworld when they died. In the territory of Phoenician Sidon, Lucian of Samosata (2nd century AD) was informed that the temple of Astarte, whom Lucian equated with the moon goddess, was sacred to Europa: The paradox, as it seemed to Lucian, would be solved if Europa is Astarte in her guise as the full, "broad-faced" moon. In Greek mythology, Europa (/jʊəˈroʊpə, jə-/; Ancient Greek: Εὐρώπη, Eurṓpē, Attic Greek pronunciation: [eu̯.rɔ̌ː.pɛː]) was the mother of King Minos of Crete, a Phoenician princess of Argive origin, after whom the continent Europe is named. At the end, Io reached the Nile River and transformed [14][18] In Crete she married Asterion also rendered Asterius and became mother (or step-mother) of his daughter Crete. An Argive princess, she was an ancestor of many kings and heroes such as Perseus, Cadmus, Heracles, Minos, Lynceus, Cepheus, and Danaus. In some accounts, Carnus[19] and Alagonia[20] were added to the list of children of Europa and Zeus. Europa was officially discovered by Galileo Galilei on the 8th January 1610, along with the other Galilean moons of Jupiter. This page was last edited on 22 December 2020, at 21:14. Europa though was not from Crete, for she was actually a born a prince of Tyre, a region now to be found in Lebanon, for she was the daughter of King Agenor, and his wife who was either Telephassa or Argiope. The Dictionary of Classical Mythology explains that Zeus was enamoured of Europa and decided to seduce or rape her, the two being near-equivalent in Greek myth. She goes down to the ocean with her friends to bathe and pick flowers, and Zeus arrives disguised as a magnificent bull. Il décida d'envoyer ses trois fils Cadmos, Phénix et Cilix ainsi que sa femme à sa recherche. It is said that Zeus was fell in love and decided to seduce her; to do this he turned himself into a white bull. Zeus gave her a necklace made by Hephaestus[3] and three additional gifts: Talos, Laelaps and a javelin that never missed. It is notable as the first collection devoted exclusively to biographies of women in Western literature.[34]. Europa is one of the Galilean moons of Jupiter, along with Io, Ganymede and Callisto. [8] He seized the opportunity and killed him. Kerenyi points out that these names are attributes of the moon, as is Europa's broad countenance. So some interpret this as her brother Phoenix (when he is assumed to be son of Agenor) gave his siblings' name to his three children and this Europa (by this case, niece of former) is also loved by Zeus, but because of the same name, gave some confusions to others. She had an affair with Zeus, which Hera never learned about and therefore, never tried to pursue Europa to punish her. [16] Other sources, such as the Iliad, claim that she is the daughter of Agenor's son, the "sun-red" Phoenix. [17] It is generally agreed that she had two brothers, Cadmus, who brought the alphabet to mainland Greece, and Cilix who gave his name to Cilicia in Asia Minor, with the author of Bibliotheke including Phoenix as a third. Io was the princess of Argos, who Zeus fell in love with. While Europa and her helpers were gathering flowers, she saw the bull, caressed his flanks, and eventually got onto his back. The second series of euro banknotes is known as the Europa Series and bears her likeness in the watermark and hologram. Selon une version du mythe, Europe, fille du roi de Tyr, une ville de Phénicie (actuel Liban) fit un rêve8. In the middle of the 20th Century observations were made suggesting that the polar regions of Io were red. 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